Contributing Authors Isam Alobid, MD, PhD1, Nithin D. Adappa, MD2, Henry P. Barham,
MD3, Thiago Bezerra, MD4, Nadieska Caballero, MD5, Eugene G. Chang, MD6, Gaurav …

The methodology for EPOS2012 has been the same as for the other two productions.
Leaders in the field were invited to critically appraise the literature and write a report on a …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a public health problem that has a significant socio-
economic impact. Moreover, the complexity of this disease due to its heterogeneous nature …

Objective Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease
characterized by dysregulated inflammation. Abnormalities in innate immune function …

Both up-and down-regulation of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and antimicrobial peptides
(AMPs) of the sinonasal mucosa have already been associated with the pathogenesis of …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps is a common chronic condition.
The exact cause of nasal polyps remains unknown. Recently, we made the novel …

Bacteria are likely to play a role in both the development and the exacerbation of chronic
rhinosinusitis. Further studies are needed to determine in which subtypes of chronic …

Background The cationic antimicrobial peptide lysozyme is the most prevalent innate
immune protein in nasal secretions but there is a paucity of research regarding its role in …

Background Prior research has identified several components of the innate immune system
that may play a significant role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but the role of innate …

Background Saline‐based irrigation solutions are evidence‐based rhinological treatments;
however, the formulation of these solutions could theoretically alter the function of innate …