• The specific situation of the patient. Unless otherwise provided for by national regulations,
off-label use of medication should be limited to situations where it is in the patient's interest …

One of the most important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world is
ischemic stroke. It can be a result of multiple events such as embolism with a cardiac origin …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive review was conducted on literature published through March 1, 2020. Searches …

Cardiac embolism accounts for an increasing proportion of ischemic strokes and might
multiply several-fold during the next decades. However, research points to several potential …

Mechanical valves used for aortic valve replacement (AVR) continue to be associated with
bleeding risks because of anticoagulation therapy, while bioprosthetic valves are at risk of …

Importance Owing to a considerable shift toward bioprosthesis implantation rather than
mechanical valves, it is expected that patients will increasingly present with degenerated …

Background: Early experience with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) within
failed bioprosthetic surgical aortic valves has shown that valve-in-valve (VIV) TAVR is a …

Figure 1. Flow chart of suggested evaluation and treatment of a candidate for aortic Valve-in-
Valve implantation.(1) Details in Tables 1 to 3.(2) According to imaging and clinical …

Blood-contacting surfaces of cardiovascular devices are not biocompatible for creating an
endothelial layer on them. Numerous research studies have mainly sought to modify these …

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the USA and a major cause of mortality worldwide.
One out of four strokes is recurrent. Secondary stroke prevention starts with deciphering the …