The middle ear muscle (MEM) reflex is one of two major descending systems to the auditory
periphery. There are two middle ear muscles (MEMs): the stapedius and the tensor tympani …

The essential elements controlling trigeminal motoneurons during feeding lie between the
trigeminal and facial motor nuclei. These include populations of neurons in the medial …

Mastication is a vital function that ensures that ingested food is broken down into pieces and
prepared for digestion. This review outlines the masticatory behavior in terms of the muscle …

Neurons of several nuclei within the medial pontomedullar reticular formation are active
during mastication, but their relationship with other elements of the pattern generating …

The masseter muscle participates in a wide variety of activities including mastication,
swallowing and speech. The functional demands for accurate mandibular positioning and …

Each fascicle of the triceps brachii (TB) can be independently recruited during movement
execution. To investigate the anatomical basis of this selective control and to gain insight …

Neuromuscular compartments are subvolumes of muscle that have unique biomechanical
actions and can be activated singly or in groups to perform the necessary task. Besides …

Perioral electrical stimuli cause inhibitory reflex responses in single motor-units (SMU) and
surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings from voluntary contracted human jaw-closing …

Three series of experiments were carried out to characterize interneurons located within the
trigeminal motor nucleus of young rats aged 5–24 days. Cholera toxin injections were made …

The present study shows new evidence of functional connectivity between the trigeminal
main sensory (NVsnpr) and motor (NVmt) nuclei in rats and mice. NVsnpr neurons …