Objective A new age of neuromodulation is emerging: one of restorative neuroengineering
and neuroprosthetics. As novel device systems move toward regulatory evaluation and …

OBJECT This report describes the stereotactic technique, hospitalization, and 90-day
perioperative safety of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the fornix in patients who …

For over two decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown significant efficacy in
treatment for refractory cases of dyskinesia, specifically in cases of Parkinson's disease and …

Background Refractory tremor in tremor-dominant (TD) or equivalent-type (EQT) idiopathic
Parkinson's syndrome (IPS) poses the challenge of choosing the best target region to for …

Optical fiber-mediated optogenetic activation and neuronal Ca2+ recording in combination
with fMRI provide a multi-modal fMRI platform. Here, we developed an MRI-guided robotic …

Background The accuracy of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode placement is
influenced by a myriad of factors, among which pneumocephalus and loss of cerebrospinal …

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery has advanced tremendously, for both
clinical applications and technology. Although DBS surgery is an overall safe procedure …

Background Accuracy of electrode placement is an important determinant of outcome
following deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Data on accuracy of electrode placement …

Introduction The effect of the variability of electrode placement on outcomes after bilateral
deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus has not been sufficiently studied, especially …

Background In the aging society, many patients with movement disorders, pain syndromes,
or psychiatric disorders who are candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery suffer …