Ions in water are important throughout biology, from molecules to organs. Classically, ions in
water were treated as ideal noninteracting particles in a perfect gas. Excess free energy of …

Cracking has been a severe threat to the durability of reinforced concrete structures.
Electrochemical deposition is a promising rehabilitating method for crack repair with the …

Understanding the transport mechanisms within unsaturated porous media is essential to
the durability problems associated with cement-based materials. However, the involvement …

This study presents a reactive transport modelling framework for understanding carbonation
processes through pore solution composition, phase assemblage changes in cement-based …

Understanding the mechanism of chloride ion diffusion in cement is significant to improve
the reliability of offshore reinforced concrete structures. The chloride ionic diffusivity in …

Concrete is a highly alkaline porous medium that is prone to chemical reactions with acidic
environments. The ion transport coupled with chemical reactions between concrete and …

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the penetration of chloride ions in a
saturated cement paste with considering the interactions between different ionic species in …

Chloride-induced reinforcing steel corrosion is a worldwide problem. In order to predict how
chlorides penetrate in concrete and how other ionic species in concrete pore solution affect …

To understand the underlying phenomena that drive concrete deterioration under cyclic
environmental conditions in the marine environment, a reactive transport model (RTM) for …

An analytical model for predicting the relative chloride diffusion coefficient in cementitious
materials at different degrees of water saturation is presented in this paper. The model is …