A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune
system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An …

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in
space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate …

The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As
the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The …

Arginine metabolism has been a key catabolic and anabolic process throughout the
evolution of the immune response. Accruing evidence indicates that arginine-catabolizing …

From birth onward, the lungs are exposed to the external environment and therefore harbor
a complex immunological milieu to protect this organ from damage and infection. We …

Type-2-cell-mediated immune responses play a critical role in mediating both host-
resistance and disease-tolerance mechanisms during helminth infections. Recently, type 2 …

Arginase is a widely known enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-
arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The action of arginase goes beyond the boundaries of …

The new WHO Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases targets the global elimination of
schistosomiasis as a public health problem. To date, control strategies have focused on …

Tuberculosis is the most prevalent bacterial infectious disease in humans and the leading
cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. The causative agent …

Although enteric helminth infections modulate immunity to mucosal pathogens, their effects
on systemic microbes remain less established. Here, we observe increased mortality in mice …