Chloroplasts are key players in plant immune signaling, contributing to not only de novo
synthesis of defensive phytohormones but also the generation of reactive oxygen and …

Plastids are essential organelles in angiosperms and show non-Mendelian inheritance due
to their evolution as endosymbionts. In approximately 80% of angiosperms, plastids are …

Mitochondrial and plastid genomes in land plants exhibit some of the slowest rates of
sequence evolution observed in any eukaryotic genome, suggesting an exceptional ability …

Plants are able to adjust phenotype in response to changes in the environment. This system
depends on an internal capacity to sense environmental conditions and to process this …

Environmental stresses pose a significant threat to food security. Understanding the function
of proteins that regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses is therefore pivotal in …

Finding causal links between genotype and phenotype is a major issue in biology, even
more in mitochondrial biology. First of all, mitochondria form complex networks, undergoing …

The abundant repeats in plant mitochondrial genomes can cause rapid genome
rearrangements and are also a major obstacle in short‐read sequencing studies. Nuclear …

Background Plants undergo programmed chromatin changes in response to environment,
influencing heritable phenotypic plasticity. The RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) …

MutS homolog 1 (MSH1) is involved in the recombining and repairing of organelle genomes
and is essential for maintaining their stability. Previous studies indicated that the length of …

Due to their stationary nature, plants are exposed to a diverse range of biotic and abiotic
stresses, of which heavy metal (HM) stress poses one of the most detrimental abiotic …