Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate plant growth and development. ROS are kept at
low levels in cells to prevent oxidative damage, allowing them to be effective signaling …

Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavors,
and other industrial materials. Accumulation of such metabolites often occurs in plants …

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many agronomically important aspects of plant development,
including the synthesis of seed storage proteins and lipids, the promotion of seed …

Whole-genome duplication (WGD), which leads to polyploidy, is implicated in adaptation
and speciation. But what are the immediate effects of WGD and how do newly polyploid …

Bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium,
Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium (collectively referred to as rhizobia) grow in the soil as …

Recent biochemical and genetic studies confirm that hydrogen peroxide is a signalling
molecule in plants that mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Signalling roles for …

The Ras superfamily is a fascinating example of functional diversification in the context of a
preserved structural framework and a prototypic GTP binding site. Thanks to the availability …

Small GTP-binding proteins regulate diverse processes in eukaryotic cells such as signal
transduction, cell proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular membrane …

Plants are a source of commercially important secondary metabolites. Elicitation of plant
cells in culture represents a useful biotechnological tool to improve the production of these …

Trichomes and root hairs differentiate from epidermal cells in the aerial tissues and roots,
respectively. Because trichomes and root hairs are easily accessible, particularly in the …