The microbiota plays an essential role in the education, development, and function of the
immune system, both locally and systemically. Emerging experimental and epidemiological …

Inflammation is an evolutionarily selected defense response to infection or tissue damage
that involves activation and consumption of immune cells in order to reestablish and …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mediate regeneration of the hematopoietic system
following injury, such as following infection or inflammation. These challenges impair HSC …

The development of mature blood cells from haematopoietic stem cells has long served as a
model for stem-cell research, with the haematopoietic differentiation tree being widely used …

Immune-checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer therapy. In particular, inhibition of
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been found to be effective for the treatment of …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensure a balanced production of all blood cells throughout
life. As they age, HSCs gradually lose their self-renewal and regenerative potential, whereas …

Dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) are atop the hematopoietic hierarchy. The
molecular identity of dHSCs and the mechanisms regulating their maintenance or exit from …

Recent advances have highlighted the ability of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in
the bone marrow to sense peripheral inflammation or infection and adapt through increased …

Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells,
contribute to tissue integrity as well as to innate and adaptive immune defense. Emerging …

Neutrophils are a key cell type of the innate immune system. They are short-lived and need
to be continuously generated in steady-state conditions from haematopoietic stem and …