With both catalytic and genetic functions, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is perhaps the most
pluripotent chemical species in molecular biology, and its functions are intimately linked to …

This review summarizes our current understanding of translation in prokaryotes, focusing on
the mechanistic and structural aspects of each phase of translation: initiation, elongation …

This work summarizes our current understanding of the elongation and termination/recycling
phases of eukaryotic protein synthesis. We focus here on recent advances in the field. In …

Termination of protein synthesis occurs when a translating ribosome encounters one of
three universally conserved stop codons: UAA, UAG or UGA. Release factors recognize stop …

The high-resolution structures of ribosomal subunits published in 2000 have revolutionized
the field of protein translation. They facilitated the determination and interpretation of …

Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) perform protein synthesis inside mitochondria, the
organelles responsible for energy conversion and adenosine triphosphate production in …

Although electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis has become an
important tool for structural biology of large and flexible macro-molecular assemblies, the …

The metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) long noncoding
RNA (lncRNA) has key roles in regulating transcription, splicing, tumorigenesis, etc. Its …

Translation termination is an essential cellular process, which is also of therapeutic interest
for diseases that manifest from premature stop codons. In eukaryotes, translation termination …

The sequential addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain is carried out by the
ribosome in a complicated multistep process called the elongation cycle. It involves accurate …