Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Cancer is a prominent cause of death globally. Currently, many drugs that are in clinical
practice are having a high prevalence of side effect and multidrug resistance. Risk of tumors …

Multidrug resistance is a key determinant of cancer chemotherapy failure. One of the major
causes of multidrug resistance is the enhanced efflux of drugs by membrane ABC …

Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for most cancers worldwide, however
development of chemoresistance due to the presence of the drug-effluxing ATP binding …

About a 100 years ago, the Drosophila white mutant marked the birth of Drosophila genetics.
The white gene turned out to encode the first well studied ABC transporter in arthropods …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are integral membrane proteins that translocate a
wide variety of substrates across cellular membranes and are conserved from bacteria to …

1. P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1), one of the most clinically important transmembrane
transporters in humans, is encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene. Recent insights into the …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is regarded as one of the bottlenecks of successful clinical
treatment for numerous chemotherapeutic agents. Multiple key regulators are alleged to be …

ABCA4 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that is
preferentially localized along the rim region of rod and cone photoreceptor outer segment …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a large class of transmembrane proteins, are
widely found in organisms and play an important role in the transport of xenobiotics. Insect …