Pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the subject of active research
around the world. COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is a complex disease in which …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and
blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the …

Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end
organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease …

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and the
leading cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. Mounting evidence demonstrates that …

Blood-brain barrier disruption occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Recent
studies indicate a link between blood-brain barrier dysfunction and cognitive decline and …

The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the
burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently …

Mounting evidence suggests that immunological mechanisms play a fundamental role in the
pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Upregulation …

Interleukin (IL)-6 has been studied since its discovery for its role in health and diseases. It is
one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-6 was reported as an exacerbating …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an expanding global health problem, the exact mechanism of
which has not yet been clarified clearly, new insights into retinal physiology indicate that …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease caused by
mutations to the dystrophin gene, resulting in deficiency of dystrophin protein, loss of …