Studies conducted on resource management in wireless sensor networks have identified
energy efficient routing protocols as one of the energy saving mechanisms that can be used …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a group of small power-constrained nodes that sense
data and communicate it to the base station (BS). These nodes cover a vast region of …

In the clustering method, the cluster head node loses much energy between transmissions
to the base station, confirming that determining the cluster heads is crucial. A robust …

In this paper, we propose a 3-level heterogeneous network model for WSNs to enhance the
network lifetime, which is characterized by a single parameter. Depending upon the value of …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of an enormous number of tiny sensor nodes
deployed in huge numbers which are able to sense, process and transmit environmental …

Wireless sensor networks are widely used in monitoring and managing environmental
factors like air quality, humidity, temperature, and pressure. The recent works show that …

Recently, researchers introduced energy-efficient dynamic routing protocols for wireless
sensor networks to avoid the premature end of network lifetime. This paper addresses the …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are ad hoc networks usually made up of miniaturized
autonomous units called sensor nodes that communicate in between by radio links. The …

In the past two decades, network clustering has been proven as efficient approach for data
collection and routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It provides several advantages …

Assuring the coverage towards the predefined set of targets, power-constrained wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) consist of sensing devices (ie, sensor nodes) that are associated …