Human leishmaniasis is a spectral disease that includes asymptomatic self-resolving
infection, localized skin lesions, and progressive visceral leishmaniasis. With some overlap …

Human vaccination against leishmaniasis using live Leishmania was used in Middle East
and Russia (1941–1980). First-generation vaccines, composed by killed parasites induce …

Visceral leishmaniaisis (kala-azar) is a disseminated protozoal infection, transmitted by
sandffy bite, in which macrophages of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow are preferentially …

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by various species of Leishmania, a unicellular
kinetoplastid protozoan flagellate. It manifests mainly in 3 clinical forms; visceral …

Human infection with Leishmania results in diverse clinical and immunopathological
situations. The capacity of the parasites to cause this wide range of disease manifestations …

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania
infantum/chagasi represents the second most challenging infectious disease worldwide …

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the development of new drugs for the
treatment of leishmaniasis. This has spurred the need for pharmacodynamic markers to …

To determine whether there is an association between atopy and recurrent vaginal
candidiasis (RVC) and to evaluate the type-2 immune response in patients with RVC …

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents vigorous Th2 immune response, which is mainly
characterized in human by augmented expression of Il-4, polyclonal B cell activation …

Pathogenesis in visceral leishmaniosis is associated with depressed cellular immunity and a
significant rise of antileishmanial antibodies. We assessed the relative levels of …