Photosynthesis is central to life on Earth, employing sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to
produce chemical energy and oxygen. It is generally accepted that boosting its efficiency …

Cyanobacteria and microalgae perform oxygenic photosynthesis where light energy is
harnessed to split water into oxygen and protons. This process releases electrons that are …

Global photosynthesis consumes ten times more CO2 than net anthropogenic emissions,
and microalgae account for nearly half of this consumption. The high efficiency of algal …

In response to a sudden increase in light intensity, plants must cope with absorbed excess
photon energy to protect photosystems from photodamage. Under fluctuating light, PSI is …

Photosynthetic electron transport is coupled to proton translocation across the thylakoid
membrane, resulting in the formation of a trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) and …

Photosynthetic organisms support cell metabolism by harvesting sunlight to fuel the
photosynthetic electron transport. The flow of excitation energy and electrons in the …

During oxygenic photosynthesis, the reducing power generated by light energy conversion
is mainly used to reduce carbon dioxide. In bacteria and archae, flavodiiron (Flv) proteins …

In the light, photosynthetic cells can potentially suffer from oxidative damage derived from
reactive oxygen species. Nevertheless, a variety of oxygenic photoautotrophs, including …

Photo‐reduction of O2 to water mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FDP s) represents a safety
valve for the photosynthetic electron transport chain in fluctuating light. So far, the FDP …

In this review, we highlight recent research and current ideas on how to improve the
efficiency of the light reactions of photosynthesis in crops. We note that the efficiency of …