Vaccines are one of the most powerful technologies supporting public health. The adaptive
immune response induced by immunization arises following appropriate activation and …

Saponins are natural glycosides of steroid or triterpene which exhibited many different
biological and pharmacological activities. Notably, saponins can also activate the …

Many immunostimulants act as vaccine adjuvants via activation of the innate immune
system, although in many cases it is unclear which specific molecules contribute to the …

Licensed vaccines against viral diseases generate antibodies that neutralize the infecting
virus and protect against infection or disease. Similarly, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 …

Quillaja saponaria Molina represents the main source of saponins for industrial applications.
Q. saponaria triterpenoids have been studied for more than four decades and their …

A universal influenza virus vaccine that does not require frequent updates and/or annual
immunizations will offer significant advantages over current seasonal flu vaccines. The …

Generating tier 2 HIV-neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses by immunization remains a
challenging problem, and the immunological barriers to induction of such responses with …

Vaccines require optimal adjuvants including immunopotentiator and delivery systems to
offer long term protection from infectious diseases in animals and man. Initially it was …

New generation vaccines, particularly those based on recombinant proteins and DNA, are
likely to be less reactogenic than traditional vaccines, but are also less immunogenic …

Recent findings have brought optimism that development of a successful human
immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine lies within reach. Studies of early events in …