The mammalian diving response is a remarkable behavior that overrides basic homeostatic
reflexes. It is most studied in large aquatic mammals but is seen in all vertebrates. Pelagic …

Many mammals have the ability to autotransfuse a large quantity of red blood cells from the
spleen into the active circulation during times of stress. This enhancement of the oxygen …

Species that maintain aerobic metabolism when the oxygen (O2) supply is limited represent
ideal models to examine the mechanisms underlying tolerance to hypoxia. The repetitive …

The human spleen sequesters 200–250 mL densely packed red blood cells. Up to 50% of
this viscous blood is actively expelled into the systemic circulation during strenuous exercise …

Marine mammals exhibit multi-level adaptations, from cellular biochemistry to behavior, that
maximize aerobic dive duration. A dive response during aerobic dives enables the efficient …

Investigation of marine mammal dive-by-dive blood distribution and oxygenation has been
limited by a lack of noninvasive technology for use in freely diving animals. Here, we …

Reperfusion injury follows ischemia/reperfusion events occurring during myocardial
infarction, stroke, embolism, and other peripheral vascular diseases. Decreased blood flow …

The human spleen shows a decrease in volume of around 40% early during vigorous
exercise and in response to other stressful stimuli such as maximal apnoea and the …

In several conditions associated with adrenergic stimulation, an increase in peripheral count
of larger platelets has been observed, but the mechanism remained elusive. Larger platelets …

Hydrostatic lung compression in diving marine mammals, with collapsing alveoli blocking
gas exchange at depth, has been the main theoretical basis for limiting N2 uptake and …