Energy availability (EA) is defined as the amount of dietary energy available to sustain
physiological function after subtracting the energetic cost of exercise. Insufficient EA due to …

This review updates and complements the review of energy balance and body composition
in the Proceedings of the 2003 IOC Consensus Conference on Sports Nutrition. It argues …

Background Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers
published annually. In the year 2017 alone, 2082 articles were published under the key …

Dietary assessment methods that are recognized as appropriate for the general population
are usually applied in a similar manner to athletes, despite the knowledge that sport-specific …

Low energy availability (LEA) occurs inadvertently and purposefully in many athletes across
numerous sports; and well planned, supervised periods with moderate LEA can improve …

Distance events in Athletics include cross country, 10,000-m track race, half-marathon and
marathon road races, and 20-and 50-km race walking events over different terrain and …

Background Endurance athletes perform periodized training in order to prepare for main
competitions and maximize performance. However, the coupling between alterations of total …

Low energy availability (LEA) is a key element of the Female Athlete Triad. Causes of LEA
include failure to match high exercise energy expenditure (unintentional) or pathological …

Background: Bone stress injuries are common in track and field athletes. Knowledge of risk
factors and correlation of these to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading could be …

Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600–2400 m) is a common approach used by
endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training …