Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the
etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their …

Background Divalent metals play important roles in maintaining metabolism and cellular
growth of both eukaryotic hosts and invading microbes. Both metal deficiency and overload …

Immediate restriction of iron initiated by the host is a critical process to protect against
bacterial infections and has been described in the liver and spleen, but it remains unclear …

Severe anaemia and invasive bacterial infections remain important causes of hospitalization
and death among young African children. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial …

Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is a significant global
threat. Host immunity limits bacterial replication by inducing hepcidin, which degrades …

Introduction Hepcidin is the systemic master regulator of iron metabolism as it degrades the
cellular iron exporter ferroportin. In bacterial infections, hepcidin is upregulated to limit …

Salmonellosis is a severe infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,
leading to signi cant global morbidity and mortality. Host nutrition immunity restricts …

Iron is an essential element for the development of many microorganisms. In the course of
infection, one of the main host defense mechanisms consists in sequestering certain metals …

Methods: For the experiments LDN-193189 and oversulfated heparins were used, which
interact with the BMP6-SMAD pathway thereby inhibiting hepcidin expression. We infected …

Immediate iron restriction by the host is a critical process to protect against bacterial
infections. 29 Although the cell-dependent iron sequestration mechanism in liver or spleen …