Infected organisms can resist or tolerate infection, with tolerance of infection defined as
minimizing per-parasite reductions in fitness. Although tolerance is well studied in plants …

Individual heterogeneity can influence the dynamics of infectious diseases in wildlife and
humans alike. Thus, recent work has sought to identify behavioural characteristics that …

The new fields of ecological immunology and disease ecology have begun to merge, and
the classic fields of immunology and epidemiology are beginning to blend with them. This …

Pathogen epidemics are key threats to human and wildlife health. Across systems, host
protection from pathogens following initial exposure is often incomplete, resulting in …

Wild bird feeding often results in high densities of birds, potentially facilitating transmission
of disease. Wild birds are major reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases, and although a …

Acute infections can alter foraging and movement behaviors relevant to sociality and
pathogen spread. However, few studies have directly examined how acute infections …

Infectious diseases can cause host mortality through direct or indirect mechanisms,
including altered behavior. Diminished anti‐predator behavior is among the most‐studied …

While avoidance of sick conspecifics is common among animals, little is known about how
detecting diseased conspecifics influences an organism's physiological state, despite its …

How directly transmitted pathogens benefit from harming hosts is key to understanding
virulence evolution. It is recognized that pathogens benefit from high within-host loads, often …

Immunopathology, or the harm caused to an organism's own tissues during the activation of
its immune system, carries substantial costs. Moreover, avoiding this self-harm may be an …