Direct human activity and global climatic changes are threatening the existence of many
vegetated habitats. Seedling establishment, one of the riskiest plant life stages, must be …

Plant communities in abiotically stressful, or 'harsh', habitats have been reported to be less
invaded by non-native species than those in more moderate habitats. Here, we synthesize …

Vegetation‐type conversions between grasslands and shrublands have occurred worldwide
in semiarid regions over the last 150 years. Areas once covered by drought‐deciduous …

Many empirical studies have supported the facilitative effect of nurse plants, and several
recent studies have reported similar phenomena with non-plant features, such as rocks. Few …

Ecosystem restoration efforts have been ongoing on the Channel Islands of California since
the 1980s. Although these island ecosystems evolved without ungulate grazers, large …