Historically, studies on the neural basis of fear conditioning have emphasized the role of the
central nervous system. However, there is growing evidence for the role of the autonomic …

In the last century, the paradigm of fear conditioning has greatly evolved in a variety of
scientific fields. The techniques, protocols, and analysis methods now most used have …

Understanding transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning
remains a critical step to translate basic research into treatment of fear‐related disorders. In …

Threat processing is central to understanding debilitating fear-and trauma-related disorders
such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Progress has been made in understanding …

Safety learning occurs when an otherwise neutral stimulus comes to signal the absence of
threat, allowing organisms to use safety information to inhibit fear and anxiety in …

Threat conditioning is a laboratory model of associative learning across species that is often
used in research on the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. At least 10 different …

Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heartbeat deceleration following exposure to threat, is
a physiological index observable in humans, especially in fear conditioning experiments …

Quantification of fear conditioning is paramount to many clinical and translational studies on
aversive learning. Various measures of fear conditioning co-exist, including different …

Fear conditioning is a widely used laboratory model to investigate learning, memory, and
psychopathology across species. The quantification of learning in this paradigm is …

Psychologists often use peripheral physiological measures to infer a psychological variable.
It is desirable to make this inverse inference in the most precise way, ideally standardized …