Iron ore is essential in steel making; however, high-grade ores have diminished, making low-
grade ores inevitable. These low-grade iron ores need further beneficiation to upgrade the …

Interest in low-grade Ni-laterite ores has increased in recent years; however, the laterite
process has proven technically difficult and costly, and the development of alternative low …

Introduction The microbial-induced restoration of ferruginous crusts (canga), which partially
cover iron deposits and host unique ecosystems, is a promising alternative for reducing the …