In this Review, we describe the singular success of attractor neural network models in
describing how the brain maintains persistent activity states for working memory, corrects …

Many studies over the past two decades have shown that people and animals can use brain
signals to convey their intent to a computer using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCI …

Studies on electrophysiological signatures of error processing have focused on the medial
frontal cortex, although widespread neuroanatomical networks support error/action …

Making decisions in environments with few choice options is easy. We select the action that
results in the most valued outcome. Making decisions in more complex environments, where …

The basal ganglia (BG) are involved in numerous neurobiological processes that operate on
the basis of wakefulness, including motor function, learning, emotion and addictive …

The nucleus accumbens is critical for reward-guided learning and decision-making. It is
thought to “gate” the flow of a diverse range of information (eg, rewarding, aversive, and …

Epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity and exercise may reduce the risk of
developing Parkinson's disease (PD), and clinical observations suggest that physical …

Correlated activity in cortico-basal ganglia circuits plays a key role in the encoding of
movement, associative learning and procedural memory. How correlated activity is …

Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) integrate and convey information from the
cerebral cortex to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. Intracellular recordings from …

Striatal spiny neurons (SPNs) associate a diverse array of cortically processed information to
regulate action selection. But how this is done by SPNs is poorly understood. A key step in …