Heatwaves constitute a major threat to human health and ecosystems. Projected increases
in heatwave frequency and severity thus lead to the need for prediction to enhance …

Climate change challenges efforts to maintain and improve crop production in many regions.
In this Review, we examine yield responses to warmer temperatures, elevated carbon …

Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for
climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate …

Increases in concurrent climate extremes in different parts of the world threaten the
ecosystem and our society. However, spatial patterns of these extremes and their past and …

Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

Climate change threatens the health and survival of urban trees and the various benefits
they deliver to urban inhabitants. Here, we show that 56% and 65% of species in 164 cities …

Abstract Short-duration (1–3 h) rainfall extremes can cause serious damage to societies
through rapidly developing (flash) flooding and are determined by complex, multifaceted …

Real-world experience underscores the complexity of interactions among multiple drivers of
climate change risk and of how multiple risks compound or cascade. However, a holistic …

The ocean is warming, losing oxygen and being acidified, primarily as a result of
anthropogenic carbon emissions. With ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation …

Compound weather and climate events describe combinations of multiple climate drivers
and/or hazards that contribute to societal or environmental risk. Although many climate …