The global scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has led to dramatic reductions in
HIV-1 mortality and incidence. However, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a potential …

The efficacy of an antiretroviral (ARV) treatment regimen depends on the activity of the
regimen's individual ARV drugs and the number of HIV-1 mutations required for the …

Context Recent data regarding the consequences of untreated human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) infection and the expansion of treatment choices for antiretroviral-naive and …

Many viruses, including the clinically relevant RNA viruses HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus), exist in large populations and display high genetic …

Population (Sanger) sequencing has been the standard method in basic and clinical DNA
sequencing for almost 40 years; however, next-generation (deep) sequencing …

Abstract Background. The Maraviroc versus Optimized Therapy in Viremic Antiretroviral
Treatment-Experienced Patients (MOTIVATE) studies compared maraviroc versus placebo …

The identification of phenotypically distinct HIV-1 variants with different prevalence during
the progression of the disease has been one of the earliest discoveries in HIV-1 biology, but …

Background. Deep sequencing is a highly sensitive technique that can detect and quantify
the proportion of non-R5 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants, including small …

HIV-1 coreceptor tropism assays are required to rule out the presence of CXCR4-tropic (non-
R5) viruses prior treatment with CCR5 antagonists. Phenotypic (eg, Trofile™, Monogram …

With 29 individual antiretroviral drugs available from six classes that are approved for the
treatment of HIV-1 infection, a combination of different phenotypic and genotypic tests is …