Background: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction requires lifelong surveillance and
management for the perseveration of patients' quality of life and the prevention of significant …

Aims. Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common cancer in North America and Europe that carries
considerable morbidity and mortality. A reliable biomarker for early detection of the bladder …

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived
antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the …

Chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a key limiting factor for the clinical outcome of
a kidney transplantation (Ktx), where early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention is needed …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global disease that is harder to treat at a later stage.
Therefore, early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD are crucial. T cell immunoglobulin and …

Kidneys of mice, rats and humans possess progenitors that maintain daily homeostasis and
take part in endogenous regenerative processes following injury, owing to their capacity to …

Alloimmune events such as the development of de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA), T
cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) are the primary …

The current standard of serum creatinine and biopsy to monitor allograft health has many
limitations. The most significant drawback of the current standard is the lack of sensitivity and …

The challenges of long-term graft survival and the side effects of current immunosuppressive
therapies in kidney transplantation highlight the need for improved drugs with fewer adverse …

Emerging biomarkers in kidney transplantation and challenge... : Current Opinion in Organ
Transplantation Emerging biomarkers in kidney transplantation and challenge of clinical …