This paper reviews the foundation for a role of the human anterior insular cortex (AIC) in
emotional awareness, defined as the conscious experience of emotions. We first introduce …

Highlights•Humans use uncertainty-based algorithms to balance exploration and
exploitation.•Humans utilize structure in the state space to make exploration more …

A wealth of research focuses on the decision-making processes that animals and humans
employ when selecting actions in the face of reward and punishment. Initially such work …

Researchers have recently begun to integrate computational models into the analysis of
neural and behavioral data, particularly in experiments on reward learning and decision …

Reinforcement learning provides both qualitative and quantitative frameworks for
understanding and modeling adaptive decision-making in the face of rewards and …

Humans and animals are exquisitely, though idiosyncratically, sensitive to risk or variance in
the outcomes of their actions. Economic, psychological, and neural aspects of this are well …

To make sound economic decisions, the brain needs to compute several different value-
related signals. These include goal values that measure the predicted reward that results …

Experiments using economic games are becoming a major source for the study of human
social behavior. These experiments are usually conducted with university students who …

Intuitively, good and bad outcomes affect our emotional state, but whether the emotional
state feeds back onto the perception of outcomes remains unknown. Here, we use …

A well-mapped set of brain regions is dedicated to social cognition. It is responsive to social
cues, engaged in moral decision-making and makes predictions about the likely behaviour …