The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early
detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an …

The hydrosphere is a repository for all of our waste and mistakes, be they sewage, garbage,
process-affected waters, runoff, and gases. For fish living in environments receiving …

With the continued growth of the aquaculture industry and increasing scientific discussion
over the potential for negative events to give rise to suffering, research into the welfare of …

The toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), in
combination is poorly known. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of …

Copper contamination in surface waters is common in watersheds with mining activities or
agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential human land uses. This widespread …

Prey animals often have to face a dynamic tradeoff between the costs of antipredator
behavior and the benefits of other fitness-related activities such as foraging and …

Determining how prey learn the identity of predators and match their vigilance with current
levels of threat is central to understanding the dynamics of predator–prey systems and the …

Odor-evoked neurophysiological responses can form the basis for behavioral responses.
Here we first characterized olfactory-mediated behavioral and neurophysiological …

Predation has immediate consequences for prey fitness and early assessment of predation
risk may be advantageous for prey. We investigated the ability of the bird cherry-oat aphid …

The threat-sensitive predator avoidance model predicts that prey should balance the
intensity of antipredator responses against perceived predation risk, resulting in a graded …