Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by
hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign …

The multifaceted innate immune system of insects is capable of fighting infection by a variety
of pathogens including those causing human malaria. Malaria transmission by the …

Highlights•A major component of the mosquito immune system is hemocytes.•Hemocytes
are anatomically divided into circulating and sessile hemocytes.•Hemocytes are functionally …

Over the last 20 years, ecological immunology has provided much insight into how
environmental factors shape host immunity and host–parasite interactions. Currently, the …

Background Mosquitoes respond to infection by mounting immune responses. The primary
regulators of these immune responses are cells called hemocytes, which kill pathogens via …

Insects counter infection with innate immune responses that rely on cells called hemocytes.
Hemocytes exist in association with the insect's open circulatory system and this mode of …

Background: Wolbachia, a common insect endosymbiotic bacterium that can influence
pathogen transmission and manipulate host reproduction, has historically been considered …

As holometabolous insects that occupy distinct aquatic and terrestrial environments in larval
and adult stages and utilize hematophagy for nutrient acquisition, mosquitoes are subjected …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in insects have the potential to be developed as
chemotherapy agents against numerous microbial species. This article reviewed the existing …

Background The immune system of adult mosquitoes has received significant attention
because of the ability of females to vector disease-causing pathogens while ingesting blood …