The pathway from Ras through Raf and MEK (MAPK and ERK kinase) to ERK/MAPK
(extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase) regulates many …

First identified in the early 1980s as retroviral oncogenes, the Raf proteins have been the
objects of intense research. The discoveries 10 years later that the Raf family members (Raf …

Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) negatively regulates the MAP kinase (MAPK), G protein‐
coupled receptor kinase‐2, and NF‐κB signalling cascades. RKIP has been implicated as a …

Tumour metastasis suppressors are inhibitors of metastasis but their mechanisms of action
are generally not understood. We previously showed that the suppressor Raf kinase …

Background At present, the pathogenesis of depression is not fully understood, and nearly
half of depression patients experience no obvious effects during treatment. This study aimed …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) include ERK, p38, and JNK MAPK subfamilies,
which are crucial regulators of cellular physiology, cell pathology, and many diseases …

Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP or PEBP) is an inhibitor of the Raf/MEK/MAP kinase
signaling cascade and a suppressor of cancer metastasis. We now show that RKIP …

The molecular mechanisms and genetic programs required for cancer metastasis are
sometimes overlapping, but components are clearly distinct from those promoting growth of …

Cells have a multitude of controls to maintain their integrity and prevent random switching
from one biological state to another. Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP), a member of the …

The major problem for cancer patients is metastasis of the cancer from the primary tumor to
secondary sites. Metastasis is the process by which tumor cells disseminate from the primary …