Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory
responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in host defense against infection and tissue
injuries and is a bioindicator of multiple distinct types of cytokine storms. In this review, we …

Persistent post-COVID syndrome, also referred to as long COVID, is a pathologic entity,
which involves persistent physical, medical, and cognitive sequelae following COVID-19 …

Inappropriate, excessive or uncontrolled inflammation contributes to a range of human
diseases. Inflammation involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators and …

IL-6 contributes to host defense against infections and tissue injuries. However,
exaggerated, excessive synthesis of IL-6 while fighting environmental stress leads to an …

Improving the immunomodulatory efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through
pretreatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines is an evolving field of investigation. However …

Chemokines are small proteins that control several tissue functions, including cell
recruitment and activation under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. CXCL8 …

Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction to what is sometimes an otherwise ordinary infection,
and it probably represents a pattern of response by the immune system to injury. A hyper …

Introduction: Cytokines are a diverse group of peptides produced by different cell types
including cancer cells and various subpopulations of immune system cells. They exert their …

Introduction Biomarkers can be useful for identifying or ruling out sepsis, identifying patients
who may benefit from specific therapies or assessing the response to therapy. Methods We …