As a central hub for cellular metabolism and intracellular signaling, the mitochondrion is a
pivotal organelle, dysfunction of which has been linked to several human diseases including …

Abstract Mitochondria contain about 1,000–1,500 proteins that fulfil multiple functions.
Mitochondrial proteins originate from two genomes: mitochondrial and nuclear. Hence …

Biogenesis of mitochondria requires the import of approximately 1,000 different precursor
proteins into and across the mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria exhibit a wide variety …

Mitochondria are essential organelles with numerous functions in cellular metabolism and
homeostasis. Most of the> 1,000 different mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as …

The biogenesis of mitochondria depends on the import of hundreds of preproteins. N-
terminal matrix-targeting signals (MTSs) direct preproteins to the surface receptors Tom20 …

The majority of organellar proteins are translated on cytosolic ribosomes and must be sorted
correctly to function. Targeting routes have been identified for organelles such as …

Mitochondrial fusion occurs in many eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. It is
essential for cellular homeostasis, and yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive …

While targeting of proteins synthesized in the cytosol to any organelle is complex,
mitochondria present the most challenging of destinations. First, import of nuclear-encoded …

The mitochondrial outer membrane contains integral proteins with α-helical membrane
anchors or a transmembrane β-barrel. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) …

Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and imported into
mitochondria in a post-translational reaction. Mitochondrial precursor proteins which use the …