Reducing levels of fruit set is often desirable in many European pear (Pyrus communis L.)
cultivars. With a negative linear relationship between crop load and fruit size, crop load …

Improvement of light penetration within tree canopies has been a constant objective of fruit
tree architecture manipulation through the setting up of training systems. Recently …

Most apple cultivars produce too many flowers to enable consistent yields of high-quality
fruit, thus, crop load management (thinning) is an integral part of orchard management in …

The main characteristics of Narrow Orchard Systems (NOS) are (i) narrow canopies, with (ii)
multiple closely-spaced upright leaders and (iii) narrow inter-rows, regardless of tree …

Manipulation of vegetative growth-fruiting relationships to ensure high quality fruits and
regular cropping is the objective of all apple production systems. For several decades, the …

In apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), carbohydrate reserves are considered essential for
maintaining tree functions during dormancy and for supporting spring growth. The …

The present study aimed at investigating the genetic determinisms of architectural traits in a
1-year-old apple (Malus× domestica Borkh.). F1 progeny. A precise phenotyping including …

Fruit thinning is an important management practice in commercial apple production. The
standard industry practice for crop load management in many countries is based on bloom …

In a study of the apple (Malus× domestica Borkh.) canopy structure, 5-year-
old'Fuji'and'Braeburn'trees grafted on a low-vigour rootstock (M9) were compared at both …

Background and Aims Stem shape in angiosperms depends on several growth traits such as
elongation direction, amount and position of axillary loads, stem dimensions, wood elasticity …