Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the key technology driving an energy-efficient and
cost-effective desalination process. At the center of this technology are the thin film …

Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding
effective means for pure water production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is …

The utilization of seawater for drinking purposes is limited by the high specific energy
consumption (SEC)(kW-h/m 3) of present desalination technologies; both thermal and …

Desalination membranes are essential for the treatment of unconventional water sources,
such as seawater and wastewater, to alleviate water scarcity. Promising research efforts on …

In this paper, a review of emerging desalination technologies is presented. Several
technologies for desalination of municipal and industrial wastewater have been proposed …

Water and energy have always been crucial for the world's social and economic growth.
Their supply and use must be sustainable. This review discusses opportunities for …

Globally, the problem of fresh water scarcity has continued to escalate. One of the most
powerful techniques to fully secure the availability of fresh water is desalination. Searching …

Combining two solutions of different composition releases the Gibbs free energy of mixing.
By using engineered processes to control the mixing, chemical energy stored in salinity …

Reverse osmosis (RO) is currently the most important desalination technology and it is
experiencing significant growth. The objective of this paper is to review the historical and …

Reverse osmosis (RO) technology has progressed steadily over the last few decades. Those
gains were achieved through improvements in both RO membrane element performance …