The kidney maintains electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance, eliminates foreign and
waste compounds, regulates blood pressure, and secretes hormones. There are at least 16 …

Renal nitrogen metabolism primarily involves urea and ammonia metabolism, and is
essential to normal health. Urea is the largest circulating pool of nitrogen, excluding nitrogen …

The human kidneys produce approximately 160–170 L of ultrafiltrate per day. The proximal
tubule contributes to fluid, electrolyte, and nutrient homeostasis by reabsorbing …

The transport of amino acids in kidney and intestine is critical for the supply of amino acids to
all tissues and the homeostasis of plasma amino acid levels. This is illustrated by a number …

Transporters of the SLC38 family are found in all cell types of the body. They mediate Na+-
dependent net uptake and efflux of small neutral amino acids. As a result they are …

Changes in the response to release of a single synaptic vesicle have generally been
attributed to postsynaptic modification of receptor sensitivity, but considerable evidence now …

Renal ammonia metabolism and transport mediates a central role in acid-base homeostasis.
In contrast to most renal solutes, the majority of renal ammonia excretion derives from …

Acid-base homeostasis is critical to maintenance of normal health. Renal ammonia
excretion is the quantitatively predominant component of renal net acid excretion, both …

The maintenance of pH homeostasis in the CNS is of key importance for proper execution
and regulation of neurotransmission, and deviations from this homeostasis are a crucial …

A facilitative transport system exists on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that has been tacitly
assumed to be a path for glutamate entry to the brain. However, glutamate is a non-essential …