A unified account of why optimism declines in childhood

JA Leonard, JA Sommerville - Nature Reviews Psychology, 2024 - nature.com
Optimism is linked to a range of positive social and cognitive outcomes across development.
Yet decades of work in psychological science has revealed that optimism declines …

Unlocking the age-old secrets of reward and substance use

C Liu, FM Filbey - Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2024 - Elsevier
Although substance use is widespread across the lifespan from early adolescence to older
adulthood, the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) differs between age groups …

Neural correlates of social observation and socioeconomic status in influencing environmental donations

N Niu, Y Zhong, J Li, M Li, W Fan - Brain and Cognition, 2025 - Elsevier
With the increasing urgency of environmental degradation, it is crucial to investigate whether
and why individuals from different socioeconomic statuses (SES) engage in environmental …

Investigating the relationships between motor skills, cognitive status, and area deprivation index in Arizona: a pilot study

M Hooten, M Ortega, A Oyeyemi, F Yu… - Frontiers in Public …, 2024 - frontiersin.org
Introduction Previous studies highlight the negative impact of adverse socioeconomic
conditions throughout life on motor skills and cognitive health. Factors such as cognitive …

The impact of poverty and socioeconomic status on brain, behaviour, and development: a unified framework

EA Hamza, R Tindle, S Pawlak, D Bedewy… - Reviews in the …, 2024 - degruyter.com
In this article, we, for the first time, provide a comprehensive overview and unified framework
of the impact of poverty and low socioeconomic status (SES) on the brain and behaviour …

Family income is associated with regional brain glucose metabolism in middle-aged adults

K Pak, S Shin, HY Nam, K Kim, J Kim, MJ Lee - medRxiv, 2024 - medrxiv.org
Socioeconomic status is a multifaceted construct that plays a prominent role in shaping our
environment by defining our access to healthcare, nutrition, and enrichment, as well as …

[PDF][PDF] Returning to reality: Why optimism declines in childhood

J Leonard, J Sommerville, JA Leonard - 2024 - osf.io
Optimism, hopefulness about the success of future endeavors, is widely heralded as a driver
of individual and societal achievement. Yet decades of work in psychological science have …

[PDF][PDF] Exploration is Associated with Socioeconomic Disparities in Learning and Academic Achievement in Adolescence

A Decker, J Leonard, RR Romeo, J Itiat, N Hubbard… - 2024 - osf.io
Why do adolescents from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds often
underperform on tests of learning and academic achievement? Prior research points to the …