Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

Abstract Initialized Earth System predictions are made by starting a numerical prediction
model in a state as consistent as possible to observations and running it forward in time for …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

Abstract The Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar winter stratosphere of 2019/2020 featured an
exceptionally strong and cold stratospheric polar vortex. Wave activity from the troposphere …

There is high demand and a growing expectation for predictions of environmental conditions
that go beyond 0–14-day weather forecasts with outlooks extending to one or more seasons …

The stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important
source of variability for the weather and climate at the Earth's surface on timescales of weeks …

The stratosphere can have a significant impact on winter surface weather on subseasonal to
seasonal (S2S) timescales. This study evaluates the ability of current operational S2S …

More-Persistent Weak Stratospheric Polar Vortex States Linked to Cold Extremes in:
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Volume 99 Issue 1 (2018) Jump to Content …

Skilful climate predictions of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation out to
a few months ahead have recently been demonstrated, but the source of this predictability …