Highlights•Aging is the major risk factor for AMD.•The macula contains more than 60 kinds of
cells that may age at different rates.•The retinal aging in AMD is determined by its interplay …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe visual loss and
irreversible blindness in the elderly population worldwide. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) …

This review highlights the application of lipid nanoparticles (Solid Lipid Nanoparticles,
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers, or Lipid Drug Conjugates) as effective drug carriers for …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding disease caused by multiple factors
and is the primary cause of vision loss in the elderly. The morbidity of AMD increases every …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly.
While the histopathology of the different disease stages is well characterized, the cause …

Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss
and eventual irreversible blindness. Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, exhibits anti …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in adult, and the accumulation of
advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a major pathologic event in DR. Methylglyoxal …

Age-related macular degeneration is a common cause of blindless among the aged, which
can mainly be attributed to oxidative stress and dysregulated autophagy in retinal pigment …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized monolayer of polarized,
pigmented epithelial cells that resides between the vessels of the choriocapillaris and the …

The ocular tissue microenvironment is immune-privileged and uses multiple
immunosuppressive mechanisms to prevent the induction of inflammation. The retinal …