Uncovering the genetic and evolutionary basis of local adaptation is a major focus of
evolutionary biology. The recent development of cost-effective methods for obtaining high …

Speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation among populations, is continuous,
complex, and involves multiple, interacting barriers. Until it is complete, the effects of this …

Patterns of variation and evolution at a given site in a genome can be strongly influenced by
the effects of selection at genetically linked sites. In particular, the recombination rates of …

The origin of biological diversity, via the formation of new species, can be inextricably linked
to adaptation to the ecological environment. Specifically, ecological processes are central to …

We will soon have complete genome sequences from thousands of species, as well as from
many individuals within species. This coming explosion of information will transform our …

The past fifty years have seen the development and application of numerous statistical
methods to identify genomic regions that appear to be shaped by natural selection. These …

Organisms can often adapt surprisingly quickly to evolutionary challenges, such as the
application of pesticides or antibiotics, suggesting an abundant supply of adaptive genetic …

Next-generation sequencing technology provides novel opportunities for gathering genome-
scale sequence data in natural populations, laying the empirical foundation for the evolving …

There has long been interest in understanding the genetic basis of human adaptation. To
what extent are phenotypic differences among human populations driven by natural …

Adaptation from standing genetic variation or recurrent de novo mutation in large
populations should commonly generate soft rather than hard selective sweeps. In contrast to …