Hybrid rocket propulsion, first demonstrated by the Russian GIRD-09 rocket in 1933,
combines liquid oxidizer and solid fuel for thrust generation. Despite numerous advantages …

Nozzle erosion is a common problem in a hybrid rocket motor with the passive thermal
protection structure. Nozzle profile and erosion rate distribution are changing with time due …

This paper focuses on investigating ablation characteristics of different nozzle materials in
hybrid rocket motors by firing tests and numerical simulations. Hybrid rocket nozzles with …

Hybrid rockets are attractive as post-boost stages and kick motors due to their inherent
safety and low cost, but it is not clear from previous research which oxidizer is most suitable …

Nozzle throat erosion in hybrid rocket engines is generally more emphasized than in solid
rockets due to a greater concentration of oxidizing species in the combustion products …

An experimental investigation of the reliability and feasibility of a regenerative cooling
system in hybrid rocket engines based on saturated nitrous oxide is presented. The novelty …

Modern hybrid rockets are susceptible to the highly ablative environment in which they
operate, as introducing an adequate cooling system has so far been a challenge. Ablative …

Nozzle erosion predictions are fundamental to increase the technology readiness level of
hybrid rocket engines. In this work, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of the …

In order to enhance energy characteristics of propellants in hybrid rocket motors, aluminum
particles are added into the solid fuel. However, these particles may lead to nozzle …

A recently developed reconstruction technique is used to investigate graphite nozzle erosion
in two scales of hybrid rocket motors, 30-N-thrust class and 2000-N-thrust class, using …