The world is facing serious environmental problems. Some are local or confined within
countries or regions, such as poor urban air quality in rapidly growing economies, or poor …

This article uses a theory‐based translog gravity model to investigate the heterogeneous
effects of food standards on aggregate agricultural trade. We revisit the 'standards‐as …

The implications of red‐tape barriers (RTBs) under lobbying pressures differ markedly from
those of traditional trade barriers. RTBs affect the extensive margin of trade and may …

This study empirically investigates the relationships between tariffs and non‐tariff measures
before and after the global financial crisis (GFC). The panel analysis is based on traded …

This paper studies the relationship between tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs) based on
the latest product-level ad valorem equivalent estimates. Reduced-form results show that …

The aim of this study is to quantify the trade effects of the Comprehensive and Progressive
Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which is considered to be a …

Introduction With the increase in non-tariff measures (NTMs) in recent years, understanding
their impact on trade policies and agricultural exports is of utmost importance for countries …

This study revisits the trade and welfare effects of 19th century bilateralism exploiting the
latest developments in structural gravity models, including the consideration of domestic …

Import regulations are globally the most prevalent form of intervention in international trade.
The regulations should, under rules of the WTO, protect consumers and the environment but …

After successive rounds of tariff reductions by GATT/WTO members, non‐tariff measures
(NTMs) have increasingly become the focal point of multilateral trade negotiations. It …