The recent introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has
remarkably expanded our knowledge of the choroid through in vivo investigation of the …

A fovea is a pitted invagination in the inner retinal tissue (fovea interna) that overlies an area
of photoreceptors specialized for high acuity vision (fovea externa). Although the shape of …

The retinal capillary vasculature serves the formidable role of supplying the metabolically
active inner and middle retina. In the parafoveal region, the retinal capillary plexuses (RCP) …

Inflammation underpins and contributes to the pathogenesis of many retinal degenerative
diseases. The recruitment and activation of both resident microglia and recruited …

Inherited retinal dystrophies and late-stage age-related macular degeneration, for which
treatments remain limited, are among the most prevalent causes of legal blindness. Retinal …

For many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma,
and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. Moreover, the currently …

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of autosomal recessive blinding retinal
diseases that are incurable. One molecular form is caused by mutations in the RPE65 …

Current evidence suggests lutein and its isomers play important roles in ocular development
in utero and throughout the life span, in vision performance in young and later adulthood …

Today, the average life expectancy in developed nations is over 80 years and climbing. And
yet, the quality of life during those additional years is often significantly diminished by the …

Diabetic macular ischaemia (DMI) is traditionally defined and graded based on the
angiographic evidence of an enlarged and irregular foveal avascular zone. However, these …