The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an
oligomeric complex comprised of the NOD-like receptor NLRP3, the adaptor ASC, and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the progression of cardiovascular diseases,
inflammations and tumors. However, the mechanisms of how ROS sense metabolic stress …

Respiratory viruses cause infections of the upper or lower respiratory tract and they are
responsible for the common cold—the most prevalent disease in the world. In many cases …

Key Clinical Points Rosacea Rosacea is a common, chronic facial skin disease that can
have an adverse effect on quality of life; it affects more women than men. The diagnosis is …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the genus Betacoronavirus and the Coronaviridiae
family responsible for infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle …

The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when
injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to …

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet
understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll …

Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to
detection of infection-or stress-associated stimuli and lead to the activation of caspase-1 …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent an important defense mechanism against
microorganisms. Clearance of NETs is impaired in a subset of patients with systemic lupus …

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the central facial skin and is of
unknown origin. Currently, two classifications of rosacea exist that are based on either …