Scintillations in the signal-to-noise (SNR) profiles of GNSS radio occultation (RO)
measurements at lower ionospheric altitudes are caused by compact layers of high …

This study analyzes strong sporadic E layer (Es) formation in Boa Vista (BV, 2.8° N, 60.7° W,
dip: 18°), a low‐latitude region in the Brazilian sector, which occurred far after the onset of a …

Sporadic‐E (Es) layers are investigated over five Digisonde stations located inside (Santa
Maria and Cachoeira Paulista), boundary (São Luís), and outside (Millstone Hill and Port …

In previous studies, various physical parameters, such as vertical wind shear null, vertical
ion velocity null (IVN), and maximum gradient of vertical ion velocity, have been used as an …

At present, the main detection instruments for observing sporadic E (Es) layers are ground-
based radars, dense networks of ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) …

During disturbed periods, E region electric fields can cause anomalous Es layer behavior,
which is observed in the digital ionosonde data. To investigate the influence of these electric …

Abstract Santa Maria Digisonde data are used for the first time to investigate the F region
behavior during a geomagnetic storm. The August 25, 2018 storm is considered complex …

We investigate for the first time the variability of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2), its peak
height (hmF2), the thickness parameter B0, and the E region critical frequency (foE) over …

The equatorial (Esq) and blanketing (Esb) sporadic (Es) layers occur due to the Equatorial
Electrojet Current (EEJ) plasma instabilities and tidal wind components, respectively. Both …

Abstract The Naval Research Laboratory Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3)
ionosphere/plasmasphere code is used to examine the physics of metallic layers at altitudes …