Integrins are vital surface adhesion receptors that mediate interactions between the
extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells and are essential for cell migration and the …

When ischemic stroke occurs, oxygen and energy depletion triggers a cascade of events,
including inflammatory responses, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family are a large group of evolutionarily conserved
cytokines whose signalling modulates cell fate decision-making across varying cellular …

Despite breakthroughs in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy, not all human
cancers respond to ICI immunotherapy and a large fraction of patients with the responsive …

Follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) compose a heterogeneous subset of CD4+ T cells that
induce the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells. They are found …

Macrophages and microglia play crucial roles during central nervous system development,
homeostasis and acute events such as infection or injury. The diverse functions of tissue …

Microglia survey the brain microenvironment for signals of injury or infection and are
essential for the initiation and resolution of pathogen‐or tissue damage‐induced …

Summary T helper 17 (Th17) cells play critical roles in inflammatory and autoimmune
diseases. The lineage‐specific transcription factor ROR γt is the key regulator for Th17 cell …

The interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) family comprises nine members in mammals. Although
this transcription factor family was originally thought to function primarily in the immune …

Abstract Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of IL-12p35 and Ebi3
subunits. IL-35 suppresses autoimmune diseases while preventing host defense to infection …