The peculiar cytology and unique evolution of sex chromosomes raise many fundamental
questions. Why and how sex chromosomes evolved has been debated over a century since …

Important technological advances in genomics are driving a new understanding of the
evolution of sex determination in vertebrates. In particular, comparative chromosome …

Squamate reptiles possess two general modes of sex determination:(1) genotypic sex
determination (GSD), where the sex of an individual is determined by sex chromosomes, ie …

Studies of reptile (nonavian reptiles) chromosomes began well over a century ago (1897)
with the initial report on the description of sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) chromosomes. Since …

Sex chromosome evolution remains an evolutionary puzzle despite its importance in
understanding sexual development and genome evolution. The seemingly random …

Recent progress of chicken genome projects has revealed that bird ZW and mammalian XY
sex chromosomes were derived from different autosomal pairs of the common ancestor; …

The sex chromosomes in Sauropsida (reptiles and birds) have evolved independently many
times. They show astonishing diversity in morphology ranging from cryptic to highly …

Mechanisms of vertebrate sex determination are reviewed in the light of what is known about
the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes. All vertebrate males have testes that are …

Populations of the gecko lizard Gekko hokouensis (Gekkonidae, Squamata) on
Okinawajima Island and a few other islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, have the …

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis, Trionychidae, Testudines) has ZZ/ZW-
type micro-sex chromosomes where the 18S-28S ribosomal RNA genes (18S-28S rDNA) …