In order to use environmental models effectively for management and decision-making, it is
vital to establish an appropriate level of confidence in their performance. This paper reviews …

Deterministic models have emerged as a widely accepted tool for investigations in lentic
aquatic ecosystems. In this study, an extensive literature review is provided by an inventory …

Ecophysiological models are widely used to forecast potential impacts of climate change on
future agricultural productivity and to examine options for adaptation by local stakeholders …

One of the most of challenging steps in the development of coupled hydrodynamic-
biogeochemical models is the combination of multiple, often incompatible computer codes …

The process of model evaluation is not only an integral part of model development and
calibration but also of paramount importance when communicating modelling results to the …

The degree of accuracy in model predictions of rate of spread in wildland fires is dependent
on the model's applicability to a given situation, the validity of the model's relationships, and …

There has so far been no shared understanding of validity in agent-based simulation. We
here conceptualise validation as systematically substantiating the premises on which …

Abstract Integrated Assessment Models of global climate change (IAMs) are an established
tool to study interlinkages between the human and the natural system. Insights from these …

Evaluation is an essential step of model development. However, there is a missing definition
of appropriate validation strategies, needed to guarantee reproducibility and generalizability …

This systematic review considers how water quality and aquatic ecology models represent
the phosphorus cycle. Although the focus is on phosphorus, many of the observations and …