Novel genetically encoded tools and advanced microscopy methods have revolutionized
neural circuit analyses in insects and rodents over the last two decades. Whereas numerous …

The integration of direct bottom-up inputs with contextual information is a core feature of
neocortical circuits. In area V1, neurons may reduce their firing rates when their receptive …

The primary visual cortex signals the onset of light and dark stimuli with ON and OFF cortical
pathways. Here, we demonstrate that both pathways generate similar response increments …

The coding privilege of end-spectral hues (red and blue) in the early visual cortex has been
reported in primates. However, the origin of such bias remains unclear. Here, we provide a …

Both surface luminance and edge contrast of an object are essential features for object
identification. However, cortical processing of surface luminance remains unclear. In this …

In the cerebral cortex, membrane currents, ie, action potentials and other membrane
currents, express many forms of space-time dynamics. In the spontaneous asynchronous …

Sparse-to-dense interpolation for optical flow is a fundamental phase in the pipeline of most
of the leading optical flow estimation algorithms. The current state-of-the-art method for …

Human vision processes light and dark stimuli in visual scenes with separate ON and OFF
neuronal pathways. In nature, stimuli lighter or darker than their local surround have different …

Visual information is processed in the cortex by ON and OFF pathways that respond to light
and dark stimuli. Responses to darks are stronger, faster, and driven by a larger number of …

Black and white information is asymmetrically distributed in natural scenes, evokes
asymmetric neuronal responses, and causes asymmetric perceptions. Recognizing the …