The initial vision for intelligent tutoring systems involved powerful, multi-faceted systems that
would leverage rich models of students and pedagogies to create complex learning …

Engagement is critical to satisfaction and performance in a number of domains but is
challenging to measure and sustain. Thus, there is considerable interest in developing …

One of the promises of ITSs and ILEs is that they will teach and assist learning in an
intelligent manner. Historically this has tended to mean concentrating on the interface, on …

It is impossible to control another person's motivation. But much of the instructor's job
involves stimulating learner motivation, and learning environments should ideally be …

Early in 2005, Phil Harris, Executive Director of the Association of Educational
Communications and Technology, approached Mike Spector and asked if he would like to …

Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors discusses educational systems that assess a student's
knowledge and are adaptive to a student's learning needs. The impact of computers has not …

We present AutoTutor and Affective AutoTutor as examples of innovative 21st century
interactive intelligent systems that promote learning and engagement. AutoTutor is an …

Technology‐assisted learning systems are being developed at ever increasing rates, and
the labels applied to such systems are growing with them. For example, not only do we have …

A general model for motivational design of instruction is described and reviewed in terms of
its application to E-learning contexts. Following a description of what is meant by E-learning …

We developed an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) that aims to promote engagement and
learning by dynamically detecting and responding to students' boredom and …